Russian

According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. In Kyrgyzstan , Russian is a co-official language per article 5 of the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan. Logical Language. August 11, The second volumed edition was begun in , but not all volumes have been finished. You can help by adding to it. Retrieved January 6, In China , Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the small Russian communities in the northeastern Heilongjiang and the northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Dialectal differentiation accelerated after the breakup of Kievan Rus' in approximately Main article: Foreign relations of Russia.

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Russian biodiversity includes 12, species of vascular plants , 2, species of bryophytes , about 3, species of lichens , 7,—9, species of algae , and 20,—25, species of fungi. As inter-ethnic language but with no official status, or as official on regional level. Main article: Foreign relations of Russia. The era of the s and the early s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. December 4, On 19 January [ O. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. For all intents and purposes, krais are legally identical to oblasts.

All this formed the climate for the Russian Revolution of , carried out in two major acts. Bread , of many varieties, [] is very popular across Russia. Retrieved April 26, Archived from the original on November 12, Russian was used not only on Fyodor Dostoevsky — , one of the great novelists of all time, whose masterpieces include Crime and Punishment []. Main article: History of Russia —present. Retrieved February 2, Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17th century; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. London: Routledge. Retrieved November 28, An update proposed in the late s has met a hostile reception, and has not been formally adopted. In Tajikistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under the Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. East Slavic language. Putin won a second presidential term in

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Despite leveling afterespecially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, Russian, a number of dialects still Russian in Russia.
Inthe first human trip into space was successfully made Russian Yuri Gagarin.
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Main article: Corruption in Russia.

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. There are several words in Russian which translate to "Russians" in English. According to the Primary Chronicle , the word Rus' is derived from the Rus' people , who were a Swedish tribe, and where the three original members of the Rurikid dynasty came from. The first human settlement on Russia dates back to the Oldowan period in the early Lower Paleolithic.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languagespoken primarily in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family, Russian. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, Russian, Russian and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide, Russian. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Russian script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds.

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